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Copyright © The Author(s), 2010. Published by the Faculty of Arts of J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem in cooperation with National Heritage Institute, the territorial expert workplace in Ústí nad Labem.
Content
Sepulchral work of Lorenz Hornung in the district of Ústí nad Labem
Petr Hrubý
Sepulchral work of Lorenz Hornung in the district of Ústí nad Labem in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 5–14; Studies
In the text the author deals with sepulchral work of Lorenz Hornung, particularly with his so far not much known sepulchral work in the area of Ústí nad Labem. Basing his assumption on similarity in style and comparison of preserved sepulchral work with the most important sepulchral monument of L. Hornung, which is an epitaph of Günter from Bünau in Saxon Lauenstein, the author finds basic identifying element which characterizes the authorś whole work. This author mark is a stylized mascaron which is encarved in parts of Rennaisance plate armour, particularly on shoulder and thigh plates.
On the basis of identification of this authorś mark the author of the text detects easily other sepulchral work of L.Hornung in the area of Ústí. These works probably originated in the period shortly before the year of 1610. These are two monuments in the church of St.Nikolas in Všebořice ( the marital epitaph of Volf Žoldán from Štampach and Markéta from Lungvice, the epitaph of Jan Albrecht from Štampach), further two monuments in the church of St.Havel in Chlumec ( the epitaph of Petr Kölbel from Geising, the epitaph of Bernard Kölbel from Geising) and also the tombstone of an unidentified member of the family of Salhausen from Salhausen in the church of St.Jacob in Svádov and the tombstone of an unidentified lady Štampach from Štampach in the church of St. Wenceslas in Roudníky.
In the final part the author deals with the issue of continuation of legacy of L. Hornungś work in the area of Ústí including the assessment of sculpture production in the region.
Castle interiors in Ploskovice in the period of the Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (Dobrotivý)
Martin Aschenbrenner
Castle interiors in Ploskovice in the period of the Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (Dobrotivý) in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 15–26; Studies
Ferdinand I of Austria (Dobrotivý) used to stay in Ploskovice castle as his summer manor in the years of 1854–1872 (except the year of 1866). In the beginning of the 50´s of the 19 century he had the castle newly refurbished in the style of so called the „second rococo“ as well as his other summer resort which was the castle in Zákupy. There exist less resources about Ploskovice castle than about the castle in Zákupy, nonetheless information can be shared due to analogy with this second manor. Rooms in the first floor of Ploskovice castle were (from the right of the staircase): Emperorś chamber, which meant a space for servants, a study, toilet room and Emperorś parlour, billiards hall, great hall which might have served as a dining room, Empress´parlour, common bedroom, Empress´toilet room and two rooms – chambers belonging to the Empress. Imperial rooms were equiped with furniture of mahogany wood, an upholstery of sitting furniture were in unity with curtains and always printed with flower patterns. The rooms of the Emperor and Empress had furniture made of other different kinds of wood, espec. oak wood. In the second floor there were nine rooms with furniture of walnut obviously designed for courtiers and four rooms with oak furniture for servants. Original paintings depicted mostly religious scenes and but later the decoration was supplemented with other works of art. One can acquire interesting pieces of knowledge from resources also on other issues such as lighting of the castle, hygiene, however there are less about using table dishes for the time being.
Altars, pulpits, organs... movable or immovable heritage?
Vít Honys
Altars, pulpits, organs... movable or immovable heritage? in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 27–36; Studies
In the last decade an ongoing process of re-identification of immovable cultural monuments has been affected by an effort to attach also so far heritage unprotected elements of inner equipment of churches perceived usually as things of a movable character to protected immovable monuments. This often happened on the basis of imperfect legal experts´examination without distinguishing and respecting concrete specificities and on disagreement in opinions of people from the National Heritage Institute, the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic and executive bodies of state heritage protection. The study critically assesses the fact that this technically and juridically touchy issue ( affecting owners of monuments) has not been worked out for particular situations nor for particular elements of equipment in churches which finally ended at a hostile attitude to this practice from the side of the Ministry of Culture. While the current law considers a crucial criterion in this matter a fixed connection with an immovable monument and character of its damage in case of removal of a built-in element, the author attempts to specify legally and technically acceptable definition of a line between movable and immovable character of particular elements of inner equipment of sacral interiors. The author comes to the opinion that as a part of heritage protected immovable monuments could be accepted altars with immovable mensa or with verifiably fixed relation to Baroque, or more precisely historicizing „Gesamtkunstwerk“, moreover pulpits accessible by a staircase broken through a wall and exceptionally also organs with authentic instrument when its architecture and decoration make together with interior decoration an inseparable whole. He draws attention to a „debt“ of current heritage legislation to heritage protection of valuable sets of interior equipment of churches and further he suggests possible action for solving this problem in the future.
Building development in Česká Kamenice in the period of 1900–1945
Alena Sellnerová
Building development in Česká Kamenice in the period of 1900–1945 in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 37–44; Documents
Housing development in the first half of the 20 century suitably complied with a smalltown character of Česká Kamenice and did not disturb it. The houses, whichever style they were inspired by – Art Noveau, Decorativism, New Objectivity or Functionalism, conform to a mass scale of older housing. In Česká Kamenice there worked only limited number of architects and builders in this period, out of town architects paticipated on architecture of Česká Kamenice only very little. Most of the objects were designed by the builder Josef Weinolt in the beginning of the 20 century, then in the 20´s and 30´s of the 20 century building development was continued mainly by Max Eschler and Alfred Böhm. After the year of 1900 housing development was still inspired by historic styles but also it reflected developing Art Noveau style. Afterwar development abandoned fine decoration of facades and inclined to simple geometric figures of Decorativism which nevertheless never detached from conservative procedures. In the 30´s character of houses in Česká Kamenice was very simple but still it conformed to traditional principles given by building patterns in neighbouring Germany.
Fruit drying kiln from the year of 1760 in Nový hrad near Jimlín
Kamil Podroužek
Fruit drying kiln from the year of 1760 in Nový hrad near Jimlín in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 45–50; Documents
On the grounds of Nový hrad near Jimlín is found a relatively little known Baroque fruit drying kiln which dates back to the year of 1760. The drying kiln is located on the groundfloor of the northern wing of the castle, in a third space eastward from the tower. It consists of a drying chamber leaning on a southeast corner of a vaulted space that serves as a manipulation and pre-kiln space and of a furnace system. Initials J.L. and L.L. on a front of the drying kiln probably refer to the members of a family von Löwenegg who were the landlords here in the years 1715–1767.
As far as its character is concerned it is quite a small smokeless sliding type, built in on the place of an older masonry stove which was loaded from the front of the north castle wing. It demonstartes a change in an interior function – from residential to technical rooms. It is also an example of very early use of a smokeless fruit preservation, the type which did not prevail at rural markets till about one hundred years later. It proves that progressive fruit drying with hot air probably first started in drying kilns of a manorial large farm. The principle of heating of a drying kiln developed in compliance with growing claims for economic fuel and comfort of handling the kiln. Building development of a drying chamber itself also reflects an effort for intensification of agricultural production in the end of the 19 century.
This dated manorial drying kiln from the year of 1760 is preserved in its authentic form with authentic constructions of a base of the drying kiln from the period when it was built. It has upgraded drying equipment such as a frame, poles and a furnace from the turn of the 19 and 20 century. With regard to traditions of fruitgrowing in areas of the towns of Louny and Žatec which evolved from manorial models and instructions for serfs the drying kiln is very suitable object for reconstruction and presentation
Historic plastework of an external surface of a nave and a presbytery of the church of St. Prokop in Černěves
Táňa Nejezchlebová
Historic plastework of an external surface of a nave and a presbytery of the church of St. Prokop in Černěves in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 51–56; Documents
As a planned reconstruction of the facade of the outer surface of St. Prokop church in Černěves was due there was carried out a survey of its plasterwork layers. Within the survey a documentation of mainly naturally open finds on the south facade of the presbytery and the nave and on the north facade of the nave was made. In probes created by fell off Empire Style surface of the church were discovered walled up relicts of window openings above existing windows of the presbytery on the south facade of the presbytery. According to character of work on window frames and their surrounding we can date the older window openings to Renaissance period. The openings are accompanied with locally preserved fragments of smoothened lime plaster with scraped strip chambranle around the openings and drawn illusive cube-shaped cornerstone at the nave. Fragments of older plasterwork were roughened by scratches and small holes so that a new plasterwork would adhere well and the fragments are mostly covered with preserved surface in Empire Style. The study of mutual relations of plasterwork layers, its craft and art character brought new knowledge about building history of the church.
„Wipily jsme wyno czerveny“ – the find of a historic graffiti at Nový hrad near Jimlín
Kamil Podroužek
„Wipily jsme wyno czerveny“ – the find of a historic graffiti at Nový hrad near Jimlín in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 57–62; Documents
The graffiti discovered in the year of 2010 at Nový hrad near Jimlín is found inside of a groundfloor of the east castle wing, on a south wall of the rectangular room marked as No. 107 in a plan documentation. The graffiti accompanied by a picture of Ptolemyś spheres is situated in the western neighbourhood of an etrance to an adjacent polygonal risalit at the corner of a castle wing and covers western and central part of a wall where it outlines originally wide doorway to a neighbouring risalit that was walled up later. We interpret the message of the graffiti as: „On the Day of All Saints 1 November 1652 we still drank a bladder of red wine and we had dumplings for lunch“ signed „Matěj“. Construction of a neighbouring younger chapel of St. Joseph is a result of building activities of Premonstratensians from Strahov who gained the manor of Nový hrad owing to the testament of Johann von Aldringen and took it over in the year of 1650. We consider the signed commemorative graffiti referring to the festive menu on the All Saints Day a memorial of a celebration of ending building season in the year 1652 when old contracts with servants were settled and new were made. It shows the condition and process of building adaptations in interiors of the east wing of Nový hrad. Building of the first floor and the chapel of St. Joseph started on an initiative of the Abbot of Strahov Kryšpín Fuk from Hradiště still before sale of the manor in the year of 1651. It is obvious that also a new owner who was Christian Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg continued in finishing castleś interiors.
Lucký Mill
Jan Frundl
Lucký Mill in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 63–68; Documents
The article deals with an analysis of the equipment and history of a former water mill called Lucký which is found in the southwestern part of the district of the town of Litoměřice. The origins of the mill date back at least to the Baroque period. The building contained two grinding mechanisms driven by a couple of water wheels. In the beginning of the 20 century the mill was rebuilt and modernized however it finished working by the middle of the 20 century at the latest. The mill is exceptional mainly owing to preservation of its intact equipment from the period when it stopped functioning for it purpose. The aim of the article is to compare specificities of the described mill with development of a mill network in the area of Litoměřice.
Building and geodetic documentation on ravelin No. 18 in Terezín
Táňa Nejezchlebová
Building and geodetic documentation on ravelin No. 18 in Terezín in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 69–74; Documents
Documentation of a part of a town fortification – ravelin No. 18 in Terezín was implemented with regard to the need of a plan material for more precise performance of heritage care on objects of the fortification. In a way it also related to efforts of the town of Terezín to be recorded in a world list of UNESCO heritage. Students of the discipline of Documentation of heritage at Faculty of Philosophy at JEPU participated at geodetic and building survey of the object. Besides practical application of plans for heritage care the documentation of a present state enables a comparison with historic documentation which was made together with a project and building of the object itself in the year of 1780. In this way the differences between the project and the building itself can be pinpointed, various interventions in fortification and its degradation due other factors identified.
Trees of the Klášterecký Castle Park
Dana Hladíková
Trees of the Klášterecký Castle Park in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 75–78; Gardens
The chateau park in Klášterec nad Ohří is one of the best preserved historical gardens in the North Bohemian region and its rich dendrological assortment is still a significant value of this cultural monument. The biotic component of the castle park has a more dynamic course in the spatiotemporal axis compared to the architecture, which makes it in principle much more fragile, vulnerable and often irreplaceable. For this reason, it is necessary to take care of all the oldest trees that date back to the historical foundation of the nature park and to approach new plantings with the utmost care and respect to ensure the intergenerational continuity of horticulturally rare tree species and cultivars.
Extinct Church of St. Catherine in Dolany, Chomutov District
Mirjam Skoumalová
Extinct Church of St. Catherine in Dolany, Chomutov District in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 79–82; Vanished Monuments
In the period before 1165, when the territory between Kadaň and Žatec had been ceded by the Czech king to the Cistercian monastery in Waldsassen for colonization, the monastery owned a part of Dolany. It is believed that the church in Dolany was built as early as the 11th century and was one of the oldest churches in the Kadaň area, along with Kadaň, Radonice and Čachovice. In the 14th century, a fortress and a church, mentioned as a parish church in 1356, are mentioned in the place. Dolany, together with the parish church, became a part of the Vintířov manor in 1508, but from 1544 it belonged to the Poláks, whose settlement it was administratively from 1869 until its dissolution in March 1967.
Tapestry "Noble Feast" and Its Restoration in 2008–2010
Eva Francová
Tapestry "Noble Feast" and Its Restoration in 2008–2010 in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 83–86; Monument Restoration
The tapestry "The Noble Celebration" comes from the Heřmanův Městec Chateau, from where it was transferred to the Sychrov State Chateau as part of the confiscations after 1945. More than forty years after the last restoration intervention, the condition of the tapestry was already very bad, the glued seals from the previous intervention had hardened, the mesh reinforcement had shrunk due to climatic conditions and caused extensive deformations. The entire surface of the tapestry was covered with a large number of small perforations, and the staples, made with poorly chosen material and technique, were visually inappropriate. Therefore, in 2008-2010, a complete restoration intervention was carried out, which was financially supported by the Programme for the Restoration of Movable Cultural Monuments of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. The restoration work was carried out by textile and tapestry restorer Vladimíra Lipská in cooperation with textile restorer Radka Kalabisová. Before the restoration work began, a thorough restoration survey was carried out, including fibre analysis, colour fastness tests, a comparison of the colour of the reverse and the face, analysis of glued seals from the previous restoration (which showed the use of fragments of other tapestries) and analysis of the glues used.
On the Issue of Restoration of the Facade of the Castle in Klášterec nad Ohří
Martin Zubík
On the Issue of Restoration of the Facade of the Castle in Klášterec nad Ohří in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 87–90; Monument Restoration
Klášterec Castle is located on the left bank of the Ohře River and is surrounded by a large English park. The view of the castle, especially from the river, is considerable and the whole complex, together with the nearby Holy Trinity Church, Salle Terrena and the town hall, form the main pillars of the historical panorama of Klášterec nad Ohří. The owner of the castle is the town of Klášterec nad Ohří, which in 2009 submitted a plan to renew the painting of the castle's facade on the outer walls and, prospectively, on the courtyard. The text presented here is an informative account of the ongoing restoration of the façade.
Restoration of the Interior of the Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers in Louny Completed
Vít Honys
Restoration of the Interior of the Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers in Louny Completed in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 91–92; Monument Restoration
The cemetery church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, built in 1714-1718 according to the project of Pavel Ignác Bayer, is today a solitary monument surrounded by panelled houses, reminiscent of the extinct buildings of the Žatec suburb of Louny. During the nineties of the twentieth century, its exterior was renovated. The interior, however, remained in a state of disrepair after the basic restoration of the plasterwork, and some of the furnishings were disposed of. For years it was pointed out that the state of disrepair of the murals was deepening, but there were no funds to carry out the work. It was only during 2009 that a decisive part of the funds was secured through a specialised programme of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.
Reconstruction of St. Wenceslas Church in Kalk
Lenka Kotišová
Reconstruction of St. Wenceslas Church in Kalk in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 93–98; Monument Restoration
The owner of the Church of St. Wenceslas, including the cemetery area, is the municipality of Kalek, which began in 1996 with the gradual restoration of its most important monument by removing the collapsed roof. The church was continuously repaired in 1998-2008, the municipality obtained funds for its restoration from various subsidies, e.g. from the Emergency Programme of the Ministry of Culture, from the Rural Renewal Programme of the Ústí nad Labem Region, from the Rural Development Programme and from endowment funds. The current restoration of St. Wenceslas Church was carried out according to the project documentation "Reconstruction of the Kalek Church".
New Buildings in the Urban Monument Zone in Žatec
Lucie Radová
New Buildings in the Urban Monument Zone in Žatec in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 99–102; Urban Monument Reserves
The implementation of two ambitious new buildings and the adaptation of public spaces represents the most significant and most visible intervention into the city of Žatec and its structure after the extensive demolitions carried out in the second half of the 20th century. However, the complexity and diversity of the area, the specific atmosphere of its life and the individual character of the historic buildings were respected. The new buildings have thus rearranged and defined the space in the centre of the urban conservation area, given it a cultural overlay and brought new artistic value to it.
Merboltice Village Monument Zone
Alena Sellnerová
Merboltice Village Monument Zone in Monumentorum Custos 2010, pp. 103–106; Village Monument Zones
The village of Merboltice is approximately four kilometres long and is situated in the northern part of the Bohemian Central Highlands. It is a medieval empytheutic valley village with farmsteads located above the Merboltice stream floodplain at approximate intervals of 50-100 m. The Merboltice Village Conservation Area was declared by Decree No. 413/2004 Coll. of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic on 24 June 2004, the Decree came into force on 1 January 2005.
Report on the Workshop "Problems of Care for Historical Mining Works Created Before the End of the 19th Century“
Tomáš Brož, Jiří Bureš
Report on the Workshop "Problems of Care for Historical Mining Works Created Before the End of the 19th Century“ in Monumentorum Custos 2010, p. 107; Seminars, Conferences, Events
The Ústí region is one of the Czech Republic's regions with a long mining tradition dating back to the early historical period, and the name of the Ore Mountains itself refers to the technological process of crusting. Due to the rich tradition of ore and coal mining, a number of monuments of mining activity are now an integral part of the cultural heritage of the Ústí Region. The specifics of the documentation, care and presentation of historical mining works became the subject of the expert workshop "Problems of Care for Historical Mining Works Created Before the End of the 19th Century", organized by the National Heritage Institute, the expert workplace in Ústí nad Labem and the Centre for Documentation and Digitization of Cultural Heritage at the UJEP.
The conference "Workers' and Miners' Colonies. Housing in Industrial Agglomerations"
Jiří Bureš
The conference "Workers' and Miners' Colonies. Housing in Industrial Agglomerations" in Monumentorum Custos 2010, p. 107; Seminars, Conferences, Events
The issue of workers' housing and the question of colony building has been intensively studied since the 19th century, first from a national-economic point of view (e.g. A. Bráf: Studien über Nordböhmische Arbeiterverhältnisse), later from a historical and ethnographic point of view (the works of J. Měchýř, J. Noušová or, more recently, M. Jemelka). A reflection of the current interest in the architectural and urban values of workers' colonies and housing estates is the conference "Workers' and Miners' Colonies. Housing in Industrial Agglomerations" organised by the National Heritage Institute in Ostrava, which took place on 31 August - 1 September 2010.
Terezín, Historical Courtyard Areas of Public and Private Buildings
Jan Peer, Blanka Šreinová
Terezín, Historical Courtyard Areas of Public and Private Buildings in Monumentorum Custos 2010, p. 108; Seminars, Conferences, Events
The Terezín Fortress was under construction since 1780, when on 6 October Emperor Joseph II attended the ceremonial laying of the foundation stone. The actual construction work started in 1781. On 9 December 1782, Joseph II issued a patent by which he elevated the fortress to the status of a free royal town with all the rights and benefits that this entailed. Its size was limited by the fortress rampart, and the defensive function of the fortress required a well-organized settlement with straight and spacious streets. The city was therefore laid out on a regular checkerboard plan made up of thirty blocks (squares), known as karé.