71 sites
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by the Faculty of Arts of J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem in cooperation with National Heritage Institute, the territorial expert workplace in Ústí nad Labem.
Content
Château Krásný Les. Its owners and builders
Jan Kilián
Château Krásný Les. Its owners and builders in Monumentorum Custos 2020, pp. 5–22; Studies
The château in Krásný Les is a Baroque building, perhaps erected on the remains of a late Gothic Mayor’s house and certainly a Renaissance fortress or a smaller château, which was originally built and owned by the Saxon Knights of Sebottendorf in the second half of the 16th century. After the post-White Mountain rebellion confiscations, the small estate of Krásný Les was bought by the imperial officer Ferdinand Couriers, and afterwards, it was acquired, thanks to the marriage with Courier´s widow, by Mikuláš of Schönfeld and his descendants. He was a prominent officer of the imperial army and the highest Czech mint master. At the beginning of the 18th century, František Ignác Vratislav of Mitrovice also acquired the Chateau of Krásný Les by marriage, and this owner turned the older building into a simple Baroque château. He also changed the design concept of the main entrance, above which he had placed a decorative cartouche with his coat of arms and that of his wife. The Mitrovice family, who also built a hospital and an extensive economic background (especially a brewery) near the château, ruled here until the end of the 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, the château was acquired by marriage by Josef von Hackelberg-Landau, after which the owners changed very often, and not all of them belonged to the peerage. The oldest known inventory of the château with a description of individual rooms dates from the late 1960s. It no longer served as a residence at that time. In 1892, Count Friedrich von Westphalen became the owner, whose descendant Otto (Ottokar) sold Krásný Les to Antonín Bulle, a textile factory owner, from whom the château was bought in 1931 by the town of Ústí nad Labem. A very turbulent history was written here especially during the Second World War, when the château also served as a prisoner of war camp, but especially in 1941–45 as a labour camp for the older Jewish population of Ústí nad Labem. Despite the relatively free mode of supervision, several dozen people died here. After the war, the château was used by a state farm which started the process of massive devastation, which continued even after 1989. Since the summer of 2017, the château has had new owners and is gradually being reconstructed and changed into a historical exposition, accessible to the public.
Iron Knights and erratic boulders – monuments of Czech Germans in the Chomutov, Most and Teplice regions
Jiří Bureš – Marta Pavlíková
Iron Knights and erratic boulders – monuments of Czech Germans in the Chomutov, Most and Teplice regions in Monumentorum Custos 2020, pp. 23–36; Studies
A specific subgroup of monuments of the Great War are those built in the interwar period by Czech Germans. They exhibit features and symbolism different from Czech monuments, respectively monuments of the Czechoslovak origin. The development of Czech and German remembrance culture concerning the Great War showed differences as early as during the war, such as the widespread specific German phenomennon of wooden objects (statues, shields) spiked objects (Kriegsnagelungen) or that of building groves of heroes (Ehrenhein, Heldenhain, Eichenhain).
One of the most widespread types of simple war memorials popular in the environment of Czech Germans is the so-called “erratic boulder” (Findling) formed by a natural stela supplemented by an inscription plate. The basic symbols on the monuments of the Czech Germans were variants of the Crosse Pattée (in German Tanzenkreuz), steel helmets (with two raised horns), oak leaves or symbols of heroism represented next to the laurel by the motif of a flying eagle or lion. Leading artists from the ranks of Czech Germans – Johann Adolf Mayerl, Johannes Watzal, Wilhelm Weiss and Hermann Zettlitzer – also took part in the creation of the monuments. After 1945, a large part of the monuments of Czech Germans was affected by extinction or radical adaptations. In the monitored area of the Chomutov, Most and Teplice districts, 171 monuments erected by Czech Germans were found (out of a total of 223 buildings), of which more than half were destroyed.
Jan Ilburk of Vřesovice and the beginnings of Doubravská Hora Castle in the light of written sources
Jan Boukal
Jan Ilburk of Vřesovice and the beginnings of Doubravská Hora Castle in the light of written sources in Monumentorum Custos 2020, pp. 37–46; Documents
Jan Ilburk of Vřesovice is one of the few Czech nobles who can be reliably considered the builder of a specific castle, which was Doubravská Hora near Teplice. Jan Ilburk came from the Vřesovce family and was the grandson of the Hussite governor Jakoubek of Vřesovice. Ilburk was in the service of Queen Johana as the governor of Teplice and remained so even after her death. Thanks to his merits, he earned permission from King Vladislav not only to build a castle on Doubravská Hora but also the promotion of his village Strupčice to a town. Jan Ilburk is not frequently mentioned in connection with the foundation of this castle, but it can be said that its construction laid the foundation for the family power, that of the Vřesovce family, for whom the new castle became a home and a place to which they claimed even after its loss. Despite older research, it now turns out that the entire inner castle with battery towers is not Jan Ilburk’s construction undertaking, however, at least the palace building of the castle, gradually devalued by later reconstructions, dates back to his time. The construction of the castle was probably the work of an unknown master builder from Meissen.
Small monuments of the villages Lužec, Mašovice, Maškovice (municipality Povrly, District of Ústí nad Labem)
Jan Leibl – Martin Zubík
Small monuments of the villages Lužec, Mašovice, Maškovice (municipality Povrly, District of Ústí nad Labem) in Monumentorum Custos 2020, pp. 47–66; Documents
The free series documenting small monuments and interesting sights in the municipalities of the Ústí nad Labem District continues with this article and introduces readers to three settlements under the administration of the municipality of Povrly: Lužec u Petrova Mlýna, Mašovice pod Vysokým Kamenem and Maškovice.
The presented text is, according to the already well-established custom, a catalogue of all small monuments in individual municipalities, which has been found among available map materials and has often been documented by archival research. We dare to sort the municipalities alphabetically according to current Czech names. Individual monuments are listed according to their types as chapels, crosses and statues, and depending on their age they are arranged from the oldest to the youngest.
All the examined monuments, and their villages as well, were very significantly affected by the situation after the Second World War, mainly by the expulsion of the original German population. Inconsistent settlement and general devastation of older local values, including the vandal destruction of everything that used to be German, led to the destruction of a large part of the monuments. Thus, not only did most of the described small monuments disappear, but the individual local parts also found themselves on the verge of existence, and to this day they have been preserved either in a greatly reduced form (Mašovice, Lužec) or in a completely new form (Maškovice).
From an artistic point of view, we will not find works of high artistic value in the preserved torsos, but rather the results of folk creativity. The cross in Maškovice from 1911, with a plastic shaft in the form of a rock surrounded by a predatory snake, rises above the common average. One can only regret the later modifications of this small monument, to which the greatest part of the original cross with the statue of Christ, fell victim. During the work on the text, a surprise for the authors was to dig out part of one of the crosses in Lužec, under the foundations of House No. 250, and get a chance to restore it, at least partially. An interesting feature for the authors was one of the crosses located by the forest road in Lužec, after a thorough examination of which the authors had to state that, apart from the top cross cast out of cast iron, it was made entirely of concrete.
The text is typologically represented by several small monuments. Specifically, two non-existent brick chapels are known only from photographs, a total of twelve crosses, of which only five stand at different stages of the torso form. We also record two non-existent originally wooden bell towers and one statue, which also disappeared.
Jiří Bureš – Marta Pavlíková, Tatíčku vrať se k nám! 1
Lucie Radová
Jiří Bureš – Marta Pavlíková, Tatíčku vrať se k nám! 1 in Monumentorum Custos 2020, p. 67; Seminars, Conferences, Events
The recent centenary of the Great War of 1914-1918 brought an increased wave of interest in the monuments and commemorative culture associated with this war. The north Bohemian contribution to the knowledge of neglected monuments is the publication by Jiří Bures and Marta Pavlíková, Tatíčku, vrát se k nám! with the subtitle Monuments of the Great War in the Lounsko region. This is the first volume of a generously planned series of publications which aims to document the fund of monuments of the Great War in the Ústí nad Labem Region.