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Copyright © The Author(s), 2009. Published by the Faculty of Arts of J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem in cooperation with National Heritage Institute, the territorial expert workplace in Ústí nad Labem.
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Ornamentation and furnishing of the interior of the church of St. Lawrence in Kostomlaty pod Milešovkou in the period of flourishing local Cult of the Virgin Mary
Vít Honys
Ornamentation and furnishing of the interior of the church of St. Lawrence in Kostomlaty pod Milešovkou in the period of flourishing local Cult of the Virgin Mary in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 3–18; Studies
The study draws attention to values of Baroque interior equipment of originally Romanesque church of St. Lawrence later extended in Baroque style in Kostomlaty pod Milešovkou. At the same time it follows development of the local Baroque St. Maryś place of pilgrimage that originated at local healing spring. Recent discovery of a wall painting depicting an angel playing a choir organ behind the south side altar which can be dated to the second decade of the 18 century is remarkable from both musical as well as historical point of view. It is also an evidence of an older Baroque extension of the original church, nevertheless this older phase is till now not supported by resource materials except the one mentioned. The older alteration was soon after -began in the year 1726 – followed by more magnificent Baroque reconstruction of the church that brought the church to its today shape. The phase of furnishing the interior with church mobiliary in 1739–1745 was already occurring in the beginnings of a birth of the new St. Maryś place of pilgrimage, the fact was also reflected in iconologic conception of ornamentation of the main altar where its side scupltures of St. Paul and St. Jacob along with adoring angels aim their attention on a copy of an Amorous picture of the Virgin Mary the Helper from Passau found in an extension of the altar. The Church of St. Lawrence played its role as the pilgrims church even in the time when the building of St. Maryś pilgrims chapel was erected above the spring in 1750 with much less splendid furnishing ( it was abolished in the period of Josephś reforms and in 1825 it was replaced by still existing smaller chapel in Classicist style). Uniform in style the main altar with a pulpit and two smaller side altars of the Holy Cross and of the Infant Jesus of Prague hide yet other symbolic meanings. The author of the altar and the pulpit that partially remind of the influence of older architecture of half ciboria over side altars in pilgrims church in Bohosudov and also the main altar in the church of St. John the Baptist in Teplice is a court cabinetmaker Vít Smrčka living then in Kostomlaty (died in 1745). Sculptures and reliefs on the main altar, the pulpit and also the most of the side altar of the Infant Jesus of Prague was made by Matyáš Kũhnelś workshop in Duchcov. Other at least two carvers seem to be the authors of remaining elements of figurative ornamentation showing already quite rusticalized form. Changeable character of sculptures that came from Kũhnelś workshop indicates ongoing style transformation changing from a dynamic concept to more moderate or even sentimental Roccocco feeling. This is illustrated by character of original polychoromy of incarnates of already renovated side sculptures on the side altar of the Infant Jesus of Prague.
Development of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Sulejovice
Jaroslav Skopec – Tomáš Brož – Jan Koloc
Development of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Sulejovice in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 19–32; Studies
The church of the Holy Trinity is one nave building with a rectangular nave and a setback polygonal presbytery in the east. A prismatic tower of a square ground plan and a sacristy in the space underneath is closely attached to the northern side of the presbytery.
Flat roofed nave with a remarkable cavetto is accessible from the west, although the original entrance was situated from the south. On the east side the nave is linked to the presbytery with a wide pointed arch of triumph. Approximately one third of the west side of the nave is occupied by a wooden gallery. The presbytery is topped by one bay of four-pointed stellar vault and is lit through four pointed window openings. A rectangular door opening with a round discharging arch pointing to the sacristy was broken in its north wall. A sanctuary can be found along its east wall.
The sacristy is topped by one bay of groin rib vault with pointed shallow arches and is lit through one window from the north and one from the east. Floors of the tower have flat ceilings. The second floor comprises a construction of a bell truss frame and in the west, north and east are made rectangular bell window openings.
On the contrary from existing literature the authors of the article date the origins of the church to the period of the late Gothic ( within the years of 1474–1529). The sacristy was erected after the nave and presbytery had been finished. Hypothetically the construction of two floors of the tower can be placed to this same period too.
The church existed in this shape till the fire in the year 1788 when all wooden constructions were destroyed, then they were replaced during the reconstruction between the years 1793–1795. A Gothic window in the south wall of the nave was replaced by a couple of symmetric thermal windows which can be presumed also in the north wall. Construction work from this period probably include also replacement of the main entrance from the south to the west.
Last significant construction work took place around the year 1882 when a staircase turret was added between the tower and the nave with an entrance to the tower. The nave was lit by present window openings.
Return of the lost Madonna (On the question of artistic orientation of the Madonna from Březenec)
Ľubomír Turčan
Return of the lost Madonna (On the question of artistic orientation of the Madonna from Březenec) in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 33–40; Documents
In the text the significant monument of Gothic sculpture – the Madonna from Březenec, located in the district of Chomutov, is examined from a new perspective. In the introductory part the author explains the history of this sculpture in the second half of the 20 century. Unfortunately the monument was taken over to Moravia and it was returned to the Northwestern Bohemia in the end of the 20 century. In the second part the author critically assesses literature dealing with the monument in the past. Central part of the text focuses on the Madonna which is interpreted from the perspective of fine art. On the basis of its style character the author searches for common features with similar sculptures in the region and finds a parallel especially with the Madonna from the castle of Děčín. However besides some regional and national parallels the author identifies the main influence on the character of the sculpture abroad and after detailed comparison specifies it to the area of Thuringia – concretely to its centre Erfurt. The author compares the Madonna from Březenec with important medieval works from the period around the middle of the 14 century which can be found in the church of St. Severus in Neuwerkkirch. The author finds the most identical features with the sculpture of an apostle from the south wing of the Erfurt cathedral which is dated to the years 1340–1350. This comparison was enabled only due to new renovation of the monument carried out in 2009. This renovation helped significantly to reveal original carving and sculptural work on the surface and thus made this comparison possible. On the basis of these facts the author dates the Madonna from Březenec to the 40´of the 14 century.
History of the wooden rood from Horní Habartice and process of its restoration
Eva Francová
History of the wooden rood from Horní Habartice and process of its restoration in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 41–46; Documents
The article deals with the history of an exterior wooden crucifix from Horní Habartice (the district of Děčín) and at the same time it describes the process of its restoration carried out in the year 2009. After description of the monument and brief history of the village the author focuses on history of the crucifix itself. According to archive resources a corpus of Christ can be dated to the end of the 18 century while a cross, on which the corpus is placed in present time, is the result of restoration of the crucifix in the year 1869. In 1870 the crucifix was consecrated again. Further in the article the author concentrates on the process of restoration of the crucifix. In spring 2009 the crucifix was taken over to a restorerś studio. Due to its state of disrepair it was necessary to resolve the question of placement of the crucifix after the conservational intervention. The first solution was to place it into the interior of an unused walled unit substation. However floods that struck the district of Děčín in July 2009 undermined the substation and consequently it had to be pulled down. The village had built a small roofed building reminding of a small chapel on the place of the pulled down substation and the crucifix was set up there after the conservation. So the result of the restoration is a compromise solution – the crucifix whose condition did not allow to place it in exterior anymore is found inside and at the same time it is located in the centre of the village, it is open to views and thus its function of a small exterior sacral monument is preserved.
Líčkov, the Castle Garden
Dana Hladíková
Líčkov, the Castle Garden in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 47–52; Gardens
The history of Líčkov Castle, later converted into a chateau, probably dates back to the 14th century. Originally a Gothic building, the castle was rebuilt as a castle residence in the second half of the 16th century, but it reached its present state only after the reconstruction in 1765, when a rococo gate was built under Josef Vonibald of Eben and another wing in the forecourt was added, similar to the gate, with a demanding rococo façade. In addition to the rich interior decoration, Vonibald's attention was also focused on the surroundings of the castle, so that a regular garden with a swimming pool was created and a game preserve was established in the valley east of the castle in connection with the farm yard.
Defunct Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Bystřice
Mirjam Skoumalová
Defunct Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Bystřice in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 53–56; Vanished Monuments
The village of Bystřice was located near Kadaň (2 km in the SSE direction) until the 1970s. It suffered the fate of one of the 26 historical settlements of the Chomutov district, which were liquidated in the second half of the 20th century by the advancing brown coal mining. According to written sources, the church had existed in the first half of the 14th century, when it is mentioned in connection with the payment of the so-called papal tithe of 6 groschen as one of the poorest in the region.
Restoration of the Church of St. Simon and Jude in Lenešice
Jiří Bureš
Restoration of the Church of St. Simon and Jude in Lenešice in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 57–60; Monument Restoration
On 3 July 2008, the western facade and tower of the Church of St. Simon and Jude in Lenešice (Louny district) collapsed. A highly valuable part of this originally Romanesque building was irretrievably destroyed in an instant. After the crash, most of the exterior masonry of the nave and the roof above the nave were preserved, and the presbytery was completely intact.
J. Heinsch: Painting of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Report on the Restoration of the Painting from the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Liběšice
Eva Votočková
J. Heinsch: Painting of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Report on the Restoration of the Painting from the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Liběšice in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 61–64; Monument Restoration
A remarkable oil painting from the 1680s has been preserved in the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Liběšice. It is an altarpiece of relatively large dimensions (250 x 164 cm) and the painting itself is the work of the important Baroque painter Jan Jiří Heinsch (1647-1715), although it is not signed. Due to the unsatisfactory condition of the painting, the owner, the Roman Catholic parish of Liběšice, decided to have the oil painting restored and entrusted this work to the author of the text.
Report on the Restoration of the Facades of the Rotunda of St. George and St. Vojtěch on Mount Říp
Miloš Solař
Report on the Restoration of the Facades of the Rotunda of St. George and St. Vojtěch on Mount Říp in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 65–76; Monument Restoration
The memorable Mount Říp with its ancient rotunda is one of the symbols of the Czech nation, which corresponds to its declaration as a national cultural monument. We are talking about a Romanesque rotunda, but what we see is the result of many subsequent modifications. We don't know much about them. There is no building history survey. The main interest of researchers is speculation about the 'original' form of the building in the 12th century. We have no information about the next hundreds of years until the repairs at the end of the 19th century. The previous restoration was completed in 1974. After more than thirty years, it was necessary to proceed with the restoration of the exterior again.
Restoration of the Castle Building in Šluknov
Jan Peer
Restoration of the Castle Building in Šluknov in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 77–86; Monument Restoration
The castle building was built as a new building after 1565, when the Tolštejn estate was divided among the sons of Jiří of Šlejnice, Hugold, Jan, Henry and Arnost. Arnošt of Šlejnice took over the Šluknov part and became the builder of the castle as the seat of administration (the town of Šluknov became the centre of the new, independent large estate) and his dwelling.
Kadaň Urban Monument Reserve in 2009
Lenka Kotišová
Kadaň Urban Monument Reserve in 2009 in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 87–96; Urban Monument Reserve
On 10 May 1978, the Ministry of Culture of the Czechoslovak Republic declared the historic core of the town of Kadaň a conservation reserve because it is an outstanding medieval settlement which must be given increased protection for its exceptional urban, architectural and art-historical values. The rich spatial and material composition includes the fortifications with the castle, the town hall building with its characteristic tower, the complex of church and town buildings and the two suburbs, originally also fortified, which form the necessary base for the core within the walls.
Slatina Village Monument Zone
Jindřich Zajíc
Slatina Village Monument Zone in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 97–100; Village Monument Zones
The village of Slatina is located 13 km southwest of Lovosice. Slatina was granted the status of a village monument zone on 22 September 1995 on the basis of the Decree of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic No. 249/1995 Coll.
Historical Areas of Public Roads in Terezín
Jan Peer
Historical Areas of Public Roads in Terezín in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 101–111; Seminars, Conferences, Events
After the unsuccessful wars with Prussia in the middle of the 18th century, it was decided at the highest military levels of the Habsburg Empire that the area at the confluence of the Ohře and Elbe rivers would be protected by a newly built fortress of paramount importance. This fortress was to become part of a new strategy to strengthen the defence of northern Bohemia and Moravia. Existing towns such as Olomouc, Hradec Králové and Cheb were transformed into modern bastion forts. Furthermore, the establishment of completely new fortresses was considered. These became the fortresses near the village of Ples (later Josefov) and Terezín. Both fortresses were built according to the latest principles of bastion fortification, which were formulated in the second half of the 18th century by the engineering school active in Mezières.
Survey and Documentation of Small Monuments in the Czech-Saxon Border Area
Michal Trněný
Survey and Documentation of Small Monuments in the Czech-Saxon Border Area in Monumentorum Custos 2009, pp. 112–114; Seminars, Conferences, Events
The project "Survey and Documentation of Small Monuments in the Czech-Saxon Border Region" is part of the "Objective 3/Ziel 3 Programme for Cross-Border Cooperation Between the Czech Republic and the Free State of Saxony 2007–2013". The project runs from 2009 to 2012 and involves the Faculty of Arts of Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem and Collegium Bohemicum o.p.s. on the Czech side, and Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg on the Saxon side.